Још о ''борцу за слободу Бандери'' и његовој организацији.
The Lviv Pogrom of 1941: The Germans, Ukrainian Nationalists, and the Carnival Crowd...
Inquiry into other pogroms under Nazi occupation by Tomasz Szarota has shown that the modus operandi of the Germans was always to work with some оrganized local group, which would spearhead each incident.
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In “a kind of tacit division of labor,” in Jurgen Matthäus’s phrase, local agents helped by identifying and persecuting Jews as well as carrying out pogroms.
In Lviv in 1941,
the natural candidate for this kind of partnership was the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), which had been working closely with the Germans for some years previously and looked at National Socialism asa model. On 2 May 1939 the head of OUN, Andrii Mel'nyk, assured German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop that his organization was “related in world outlook to the same type of movements of Europe, in particular to National Socialism in Germany and fascism in Italy.”
Kost' Pan'kivs'kyi, who himself collaborated with the Germans and took OUN to task for breaking with the Germans later in 1941, identified the members of OUN as “people who for years had had contacts with the Germans, who were ideologically linked with fascism and nazism, who in word and in print and in deed had for years been preaching totalitarianism and an orientation on Berlin and Rome.”
At the time that the Lviv pogrom broke out, OUN was a divided organization. In Lviv the faction led by
Stepan Bandera (OUN-B) took over the nationalist movement. It was the
Bandera faction of OUN that proclaimed a Ukrainian state on 30 June 1941.
The head of the Ukrainian government was Yaroslav Stetsko, a prominent lieutenant of Bandera’s as well as an extreme anti-Semite. In spring 1939 he had published an article in Novyi shliakh, Ukrainian nationalist newspaper in Canada, that articulated his thinking about Jews. Orest Martynowych has summarized Stetsko’s piece as follows:
[...] Stetsko [...]
insisted that Jews were “nomads and parasites,” a nation of “swindlers, materialists, and egotists,” “devoid of heroism, and lacking an idea that could inspire them to sacrifice.” Jews were only interested in “personal profit,”found “pleasure in the satisfaction of the basest instincts,” and were determined “to corrupt the heroic culture of warrior nations.” Ukrainians, Stetsko concluded, were“the first people in Europe to understand the corrupting work of Jewry,” and as a
result they had separated themselves from the Jews centuries ago, thereby retaining the purity of their spirituality and culture.” Stetsko’s article also placed Jews at the centre of an international conspiracy by suggesting that Jewish capitalists and Jewish Communists were collaborating to promote Jewish interests....
The Bandera faction of OUN had a clearly enunciated program of “Ukraine for Ukrainians,” which was the actual heading of a poster that OUN members pasted on walls all over Lviv as of 30 June.
OUN had begun to plan ethnic cleansing as soon as it became aware of the likelihood of a German attack on theSoviet Union. Already in May 1941, when planning what it should do after the German invasion, OUN-B gave instructions to its militias to cleanse the terrain of hostile elements:
“At a time of chaos and confusion it is permissible to liquidate undesirable Polish, Russian, and Jewish activists, especially supporters of Bolshevik Russian imperialism.”The instructions devoted a special section to “minorities policy.” National minorities “that are hostile to us, Russians,Poles, Jews” were marked for “destruction in battle.”
The head of the OUN underground, Ivan Klymiv (Legenda), prepared leaflets before the outbreak of the German-Soviet war that were distributed or affixed in public spaces in Lvivon the day of the pogrom. One of them announced revolutionary tribunals that were to punish enemies of the Ukrainian movement, applying “mass (family and national) responsibility for all offenses against the Ukrainian State, the Ukrainian Army, and the OUN.”
Another proclaimed: “People! Know! Moscow, Poland, the Hungarians,
the Jews are your enemies! Destroy them!”
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Као што се горе види, Бандеровци су били нацоси до сржи. То што је Хитлер стрпао Бандеру у затвор (и што се од овдашњих бранилаца уккрајинских нациста користи као доказ да Бандера није био нацос) нема везе са бандеровском наци-идеологијом, него само са голом борбом за власт:
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The Germans did not recognize this state and only tolerated its proclamation fora few days. They then arrested the nationalist leaders, including Stetsko and Bandera.
The nationalists hoped the Germans would reconsider, and OUN-B held a series of meetings across Galicia to petition the Germans to recognize Ukrainian statehood and release the nationalist leadership. At these meetings it was stressed that resurgent Ukraine would take its place among the fascist states of the new Europe.
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