Tema je veoma osetljiva, medjutim, mislim da itekako postoji potreba da se napravi razlika izmedju odredjenih termina koji se koriste i isto tako treba naznaciti za sta od toga postoji krivicna, politicka i moralna odgovornost i ko su ti odgovorni u razlicitim slucajevima - od Hrvatske, preko Bosne pa do Kosova.
Evo sta pise u enciklopedijama o tome:
The precise legal definition of ethnic cleansing has been the subject of intense scrutiny within various international bodies, including the UN, the two ad hoc international tribunals created in the 1990s to prosecute violations of international humanitarian law in the former Yugoslavia and in Rwanda (the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia [ICTY] and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda [ICTR], respectively), and the International Criminal Court (ICC), which began sittings in 2002. In 1992, in reference to the hostilities in Yugoslavia, the UN General Assembly declared ethnic cleansing to be “a form of genocide,” and in the following year the Security Council, citing widespread and flagrant violations of international humanitarian law within the territory of the former Yugoslavia, established a tribunal to investigate allegations of war crimes and crimes against humanity, including ethnic cleansing. In its examination of the capture of the town of Kozarac by Bosnian Serbs, the ICTY described the ethnic cleansing that took place there as the process of rounding up and driving “out of the area on foot the entire non-Serb population.” In a subsequent case, the tribunal recognized similarities between acts of genocide and ethnic cleansing, noting that both involve the targeting of individuals because of their membership in an ethnic group. The significant difference between the two remains, however: whereas ethnic cleansing aims to force the flight of a particular group, genocide targets the group for physical destruction.
The establishment of the ICC reinforced the links between ethnic cleansing and other offenses such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. In its finalized text on the elements of the crimes in the court’s jurisdiction, the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court made clear that ethnic cleansing could constitute all three offenses within the ICC’s jurisdiction. Genocide, for example, was defined as an act that may include the systematic expulsion of individuals from their homes; the threat of force or coercion to effect the transfer of a targeted group of persons was recognized as an element of crimes against humanity; and the “unlawful deportation and transfer,” as well as the displacement, of civilians were recognized as elements of war crimes.
Despite continuing controversies over its definition, the concept of ethnic cleansing has become firmly anchored within international law. It remains to be seen how mechanisms to prevent and deal with ethnic cleansing will develop and be implemented. Izvor: Britannica
Kao jos jedan cesto primer etnickog ciscenja ili prinudnog transfera populacije kako se to tada nazivalo je evakuacija i proterivanje 12 miliona Nemaca posle 2. Svetskog rata. Saveznici (ukljucujuci i Jugoslaviju) su tada naveli tri glavna razloga zasto je takav transfer populacije bio potreban:
1. Stabilizacija regiona/drzava stvaranjem etnicki cistih/cistijih drzava
2. Etnicki Nemci su morali preuzeti kolektivnu odgovornost za nedela nacisticke Nemacke
3. Kaznjavanje Nemacke za pocetak rata
Svi ovi politicki razlozi koji su se mogli cuti nakon konferencije u Podstamu i oko cijih posledica do danas postoje diskusije izmedju Poljske/Ceske i Nemacke se u danasnje vreme vise ne mogu uzeti kao politicki argumenti jer su kaznjivi pred MSP-om i jednostavno neprihvatljivi.
Termin etnicko ciscenje je i uveden zbog desavanja na Balkanu ali izgleda da do dan danas nije sasvim jasno sta se sve pod tim podrazumeva, tj. da li postoji recimo razlika izmedju:
1. Proterivanja/izbacivanja - napustanje doma/bezanje pod direktnom (oruzanom) pretnjom.
2. Evakuacija - napustanje doma/bezanje zbog straha od osvete, posledica rata, neprijateljske vojske itd.
Mislim da znacajna razlika (u odnosu na etnicko ciscenje ne postoji) jer je mnogo vaznije sta se dogadja nakon toga. Oba slucaja su se masovno odigravala na Balkanu i oba su bila deo faktickog etnickog ciscenja ukoliko se izbeglicama ne omoguci povratak. Ovo pod 1 se naziva i direktno etnicko ciscenje koje je obicno praceno i teskim krvoprolicem/zlocinima a ovo pod 2 neki nazivaju i tihim etnickim ciscenjem jer obicno nije praceno egzekucijama i slicnim. Sustina i cilj su, medjutim, isti.
Ko su krivicno i politicki odgovorni? Pre svega neposredni izvrsioci/ekstremisti/naoruzane grupe i organizacije, zatim drzava koja je to direktno naredjivala ili nije kaznila izvrsioce, zatim medjunarodna zajednica koja je recimo vrsila vlast na Kosovu i koja nije kaznila ekstremiste kao sto nije ni naterala Srbiju da kazni izvrsioce i plati odstetu sopstvenim gradjanima.
Edited by Anduril, 13 December 2009 - 17:12.