12 replies to this topic

[Mr.Smith]

U.S. pediatricians have discovered a strain of bacteria that causes ear infections and is resistant to all drugs approved for the condition, a medical report said Wednesday.

The two pediatricians uncovered the strain when performing tympanocentesis, or an ear tap, on children after several antibiotics failed to clear up their ear infections. The procedure involves puncturing the eardrum and draining fluid to relieve pain.

The bacteria were found in the drained fluid and tested by researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center. They were found to be a strain of superbug called 19A.

The findings were published Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

In tests on children, nine cases of 19A were identified between 2003 and 2006, according to the study. Four children had been unsuccessfully treated with two or more antibiotics.

The only treatment for adults is levofloxacin, a powerful antibiotic not recommended for children. Since there were no other options, the children with the antibiotic-resistant strain were treated with the levofloxacin and the treatment worked.

The authors theorize the 19A strain was most likely created by a combination of the speed of bacterial evolution and the overprescribing of antibiotics.

They warn that physicians should be aware of the risk of the bacteria spreading to other parts of the body, such as the lungs or bloodstream, resulting in cases of pneumonia or meningitis that can only be treated with unconventional antibiotics.

CBC News

(sažetak - novi soj bakterija otpornih na većinu postojelih antibiotika pronađen kod dece koja su patila od hroničnog zapaljenja srednjeg uva...izlečeni jedino posle tretmana levofloksacinom, koji se inače ne prepisuju deci)

[srdjann]

Budući da mnogi na ovom forumu, a i u Srbiji uopšte, za tretiranje bolova obožavaju lek pod generičkim imenom Nimesulid (može se naći kao Nimulid i Tenaprost) evo novih vesti u vezi njega (izvor: Wikipedia, reference postoje za one koji žele dalje da istražuju):

Irish Medicines Board (IMB) suspends Nimesulide containing drugs (15 May 2007)

The Irish Medicines Board (IMB) has decided to suspend Nimesulide from the Irish market and refer it to the EU Committee for Human Medicinal Products (CHMP) for a review of its benefit/risk profile. The decision is due to the reporting of six (6) cases of potentially related liver failures to the IMB by the National Liver Transplant Unit, St Vincent Hospital. These cases occurred in the period from 1999 to 2006.

Singapore Health Science Authority suspends Nimesulide containing drugs

Pending review of the drug's safety by the EMEA, nimesulide has been suspended with immediate effect (June 15, 2007)

EMEA confirms the positive benefit/risk ratio

On September 21, 2007 the EMEA released a press release on their review on the liver-related safety of nimesulide. The EMEA has concluded that the benefits of these medicines outweigh their risks, but that there is a need to limit the duration of use to ensure that the risk of patients developing liver problems is kept to a minimum. Therefore the EMEA has limited the use of systemic formulations (tablets, solutions, suppositories) of nimesulide to 15 days.

(sažetak: u Irskoj je Nimesulid zabranjen zbog sumnje na jaku hepatotoksičnost ali je sredinom septembra 2007. EMEA (European Medicines Agency) objavila da je korist ovog leka ipak veća od rizika no zbog potencijalnog teškog štetnog delovanja na jetru ograničila je sistemsko davanje na 15 dana u kontinuitetu)

Edited by srdjann, 18 October 2007 - 06:37.

[Dunadan]

ova prva vest je skeri do jaja. sva sreca je shto na svaku rezistentnu formu bakterije ce se javiti gljiva koja ce proizvoditi antibiotik na koji je ova (josh uvek) senzitivna.
ili upotrebom kombinovanih antibiotika. pretpostavljam da je taj levofloxacin kombinovani?

nego, za taj Nimulid, treba neko da javi Inkognitu, on ga je dizao u nebesa.
s druge strane, zar nije vecina lekova u manjoj ili vecoj meri shtetna za jetru? i bubrege?
i koliko dugo se lek testira pre nego shto se pusti u GenPop?

[srdjann]

ova prva vest je skeri do jaja. sva sreca je shto na svaku rezistentnu formu bakterije ce se javiti gljiva koja ce proizvoditi antibiotik na koji je ova (josh uvek) senzitivna.
ili upotrebom kombinovanih antibiotika. pretpostavljam da je taj levofloxacin kombinovani?

nego, za taj Nimulid, treba neko da javi Inkognitu, on ga je dizao u nebesa.
s druge strane, zar nije vecina lekova u manjoj ili vecoj meri shtetna za jetru? i bubrege?
i koliko dugo se lek testira pre nego shto se pusti u GenPop?

Bakterije postaju rezistentne između ostalog i zbog zloupotrebe antibiotika.

Srbija je po tome dugo bila poznata a zbog toga recimo lek Pentrexil (Ampicilin) koji su svi pili za dobardan danas gotovo da uopšte nema nikakvo dejstvo i skinut je sa pozitivne liste lekova.

Neposredno pre nego što sam ja počeo da slušam Farmakologiju pojavila se treća generacija cefalosporina (u koju spada širom sveta poznati B) Ceftriaxon kod nas poznatiji kao Longaceph). Sve (normalne) države poštuju koncept tzv. "rezervnog antibiotika" koji podrazumeva da se najnovije generacije antibiotika ne puštaju u široku upotrebu i čuvaju se za eventualne vanredne situacije, teške epidemije i sl.

Već u tom momentu u Srbiji su postojali sojevi bakterija rezistentni na treću generaciju cefalosporina.

Danas je situacija malo sređenija - Ceftriaxon se koristi samo u bolničkim uslovima i izuzetno van njih a pojavila se i četvrta generacija cefalosporina.

(mala napomena: to što se pojavljuju nove generacije ne znači da stare gube na značaju, čak naprotiv - Cefaleksin tj. Palitrex iz prve generacije je i dalje veoma upotrebljiv jer ima širok spektar delovanja iako je slabiji od lekova iz treće i četvrte generacije koji pak imaju uži spektar delovanja)

Što se tiče ovog drugog - da, svi lekovi su manje ili više štetni za jetru pa se zato uvek radi procena da li je veća korist ili šteta u zavisnosti od toga koliki stepen oštećena sam lek daje ili može da da (ovde je bila sumnja da Nimesulid može da izazove teško oštećenje jetre). Budući da je nemoguće izvršiti testiranje na milionima ljudi lekovi se puštaju u promet nakon testiranja na par hiljada (a i to nakon testiranja na životinjama i testiranja in vitro) tako da će se eventualna neželjena dejstva koja se javljaju u jednom od sto hiljada ili od milion slučajeva videti tek u praksi - mislim da je Metamizol-natrijum (Baralgin, Analgin, Novalgetol) jedan od takvih lekova koji u malom broju slučajeva dovodi do depresije kostne srži i zbog toga je zabranjen u svim normalnim državama u koje mi opet na žalost ne spadamo...

Edited by srdjann, 18 October 2007 - 21:29.

[Mr.Smith]

Swearing on the job can reduce stress and boost employee morale, a British study has found.

The study determined that frequent swearing can reinforce solidarity among staff and enable them to express their feelings, such as frustration, and develop social relationships.

The results of the study, "Swearing at work and permissive leadership culture: when anti-social becomes social and incivility is acceptable," are published in the current issue of the Leadership and Organization Development Journal.

"Swearing was [seen] as a social phenomenon to reflect solidarity and enhance group cohesiveness, or as a psychological phenomenon to release stress," said Prof. Yehuda Baruch, professor of management, in a release.

The study found that swearing didn't take place in front of or within close proximity to customers, but privately among employees.

CBC News

(sažetak - Psovanje na poslu snižava stres - dokazano)

[Dunadan]

Bakterije postaju rezistentne između ostalog i zbog zloupotrebe antibiotika.

Srbija je po tome dugo bila poznata a zbog toga recimo lek Pentrexil (Ampicilin) koji su svi pili za dobardan danas gotovo da uopšte nema nikakvo dejstvo i skinut je sa pozitivne liste lekova.

znam da postaju rezistentne, a ovo za Pentrexil je bilo neverovatno. moj svaki odlazak kod lekara u osnovnoj shkoli je zavrshavao Pentrexilom ili Palitrexom.
zato se sad trudim da uopshte ne rabim antibiotike. mislim da sam samo jednom pila u proteklih 10 godina.

Neposredno pre nego što sam ja počeo da slušam Farmakologiju pojavila se treća generacija cefalosporina (u koju spada širom sveta poznati B) Ceftriaxon kod nas poznatiji kao Longaceph). Sve (normalne) države poštuju koncept tzv. "rezervnog antibiotika" koji podrazumeva da se najnovije generacije antibiotika ne puštaju u široku upotrebu i čuvaju se za eventualne vanredne situacije, teške epidemije i sl.

Već u tom momentu u Srbiji su postojali sojevi bakterija rezistentni na treću generaciju cefalosporina.

neverovatno. u nekim zemljama ljudi umiru zbog manjka antibiotika, a mi uzgajamo godzila bakterije jer smo ih rabili ko karamele.
odlichna ova ideja za Last Resort ili backup plan.

inache, in the long run, mislim da ce chovechanstvo pre izgubiti bitku sa gljivama nego sa bakterijama.

Što se tiče ovog drugog - da, svi lekovi su manje ili više štetni za jetru pa se zato uvek radi procena da li je veća korist ili šteta u zavisnosti od toga koliki stepen oštećena sam lek daje ili može da da (ovde je bila sumnja da Nimesulid može da izazove teško oštećenje jetre). Budući da je nemoguće izvršiti testiranje na milionima ljudi lekovi se puštaju u promet nakon testiranja na par hiljada (a i to nakon testiranja na životinjama i testiranja in vitro) tako da će se eventualna neželjena dejstva koja se javljaju u jednom od sto hiljada ili od milion slučajeva videti tek u praksi - mislim da je Metamizol-natrijum (Baralgin, Analgin, Novalgetol) jedan od takvih lekova koji u malom broju slučajeva dovodi do depresije kostne srži i zbog toga je zabranjen u svim normalnim državama u koje mi opet na žalost ne spadamo...

ovo nisam znala. prestala sam da pijem Baralgin davnih dana zajedno sa Analginom (mada mi je on bio najbolji frend nakon operacije krajnika), chak mislim da je neko vreme bio i povuchen iz prodaje (Baralgin).
koja je caka sa tim lekovima? ovo prvi put chujem, a pretpostavljam da je shiroko rasprostranjena informacija medju medicinarima, te mi nije jasno zashto to nikad nije objavljeno u javnosti, a lekovi zabranjeni?

i kad se razmatra negativan efekat leka je l glavno pitanje koje se uzima obzir zapravo stepen oshtecenja organa?
je l to odluchujuci faktor?
i koliko dugo traje ispitivanje na uzorku? je l traje godinama (to mislim kad jednom krene da se testira na ljudima)?

(sažetak - Psovanje na poslu snižava stres - dokazano)

mislim da psovanje uopshte, snizava stres i ima efekat anxiolitika.

Edited by Dunadan, 19 October 2007 - 09:48.

[srdjann]

znam da postaju rezistentne, a ovo za Pentrexil je bilo neverovatno. moj svaki odlazak kod lekara u osnovnoj shkoli je zavrshavao Pentrexilom ili Palitrexom.
zato se sad trudim da uopshte ne rabim antibiotike. mislim da sam samo jednom pila u proteklih 10 godina.

Nije problem kada se pije po nalogu lekara (tj. kada postoje indikacije) i kada se terapija popije do kraja.

Problem nastaje kada neko npr. navuče neku bakterijsku infekciju, od lekara dobije antibiotik da ga pije 7 dana a on prekine posle 3 dana kada mu bude bolje.

U toj situaciji dolazi do nastanka jačeg soja bakterija tako što antibiotik prvo potamani one najslabije kojih neka je 95% i ostavi 5% najotpornijih koje se dalje razmnožavaju a pride, budući da su došli u kontakt sa antibiotikom koji im nije došao glave (jer ga je pacijent pio samo 3 dana) razviju i određenu otpornost na njega...

Još je imbecilnije kada neko na svoju ruku popije antibiotik 2-3 puta, recimo kada ga zaboli zub.

ovo nisam znala. prestala sam da pijem Baralgin davnih dana zajedno sa Analginom (mada mi je on bio najbolji frend nakon operacije krajnika), chak mislim da je neko vreme bio i povuchen iz prodaje (Baralgin).
koja je caka sa tim lekovima? ovo prvi put chujem, a pretpostavljam da je shiroko rasprostranjena informacija medju medicinarima, te mi nije jasno zashto to nikad nije objavljeno u javnosti, a lekovi zabranjeni?

I Baralgin i Analgin i Novalgetol su isti lek - Metamizol-natrijum

...

Metamizole was banned in Sweden in 1974, in the United States in 1977; more than 30 countries, including Japan, Australia, Iran, and part of the European Union, have followed suit.

...

In other parts of the world (notably in Spain, Mexico, India, Brazil, Russia, Bulgaria, Romania, Israel and Third World countries) metamizole is still freely available over-the-counter, remains one of the most popular analgesics, and plays an important role in self-medication. For example, metamizole and metamizole-containing drugs account for 80% of OTC analgesic market in Russia, whereas ibuprofen accounts for 2.5%.

...

i kad se razmatra negativan efekat leka je l glavno pitanje koje se uzima obzir zapravo stepen oshtecenja organa?
je l to odluchujuci faktor?
i koliko dugo traje ispitivanje na uzorku? je l traje godinama (to mislim kad jednom krene da se testira na ljudima)?

Glavno pitanje je kako on utiče na život a organi su sekundarna stvar. Evo uzmimo gore pomenuti Metamizol natrijum, on veoma retko (ima na linku statistika) dovodi do agranulocitoze (nedostatak jedne grane belih krvnih zrnaca) a što urniše imuni sistem, prvenstveno u borbi sa bakterijama (nešto slično kao što radi i HIV) i pacijent može da umre od obične bakterijske upale.

Ako pak lek deluje štetno na neki organ ali ga ne uništava (kao što nesteroidni antireumatici svi do jednog štete jetri) onda se procenjuje korist naspram štete. Kada je lek u stanju da u potpunosti dovede do ciroze jetre (kao što su Irci i posumnjali za Nimesulid) onda se ocena reevaluira... Koliko testiranja traju ne znam, ali koliko god da traju jednostavno nije dovoljno i prava slika neželjenih dejstava se dobije tek kada se lek pusti u široku upotrebu.

[vladan]

Kod upotrebe antibiotika vaze tri zlatna pravila:
1. Dovoljno dugo
2. Dovoljno cesto
3. U dovoljno visokoj dozi

[Mr.Smith]

Women 'less protected by aspirin'
19 Oct 07

An analysis of clinical data suggests that aspirin does not significantly reduce the risk that women will suffer heart attacks.

A review of data from 23 trials of more than 113,000 people prescribed aspirin for primary and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction (MI) found that more than a quarter (27%) of the variation in the non-fatal MI results could be accounted for by gender.

Aspirin conferred more protective benefit on men than women. Trials that recruited predominantly men demonstrated the largest risk reduction in non-fatal MI (38% lower than placebo; relative risk = 0.62).

Trials that contained predominately women failed to demonstrate a significant risk reduction in non-fatal MI.


Dr Don Sin, from the department of medicine at the University of British Columbia in Canada, concluded that:

‘Gender accounts for a substantial proportion of the variability in the efficacy of aspirin in reducing MI rates across these trials, and [the data] supports the notion that women might be less responsive to aspirin than men.’

BMC Medicine 2007, 5:29

(sažetak - aspirin je neefikasan u prevenciji srčanog udara kod žena)

[Mr.Smith]

Women who tried to stop thinking about chocolate ate 50% more than those who were encouraged to talk about their cravings.

This "rebound" effect could also apply to smokers, say the Hertfordshire University authors in Appetite journal.

Experts at Weight Watchers said a "varied diet" was the best way to lose weight.

Dr James Erskine, who led the project, recruited 134 students who were asked to either suppress all thoughts about chocolate, or talk about how much they liked it.

They were then asked to choose from two brands of chocolate, believing that it was this choice that was being recorded by the researchers.

However, the quantity they ate was recorded instead.

Women who had tried to suppress their cravings ate on average eight chocolates, while those who had talked freely about it ate five.

Men did not show the same effect, with the group told to talk about the snack eating more.

'No surprise' Dr Erskine said: "There is a lot of research into the idea that when you suppress a thought you end up thinking about it more.

"However, this the first concrete evidence of how this works in relation to food choices."

He said that the best advice to people trying to cut down on a "sinful" food was to try not to completely avoid or think about it.

Emma Hetherington, from Weight Watchers, suggested that a balanced of different food types was the best way to control weight.

She said: "The research is not a surprise to us.

"We know psychologically, if you set yourself an unrealistic goal, such as 'I'll never eat chocolate again' or 'I'll never have a glass of wine', automatically that is all you will think about."

BBC Health

(Sažetak - određivanje nerelanih ciljeva pri pravljenju plana dijete može imati suprotan efekat, što je dokazano u primeru žena od kojih se tražilo da apslutno prestanu da misle o čokoladi. Ovaj obrazac nije primećen kod muškaraca.

Primedba - postavlja se pitanje da li postoji razlika u polovima koja može ovo da objasni, ili možda postoji nedostatak u metodologiji pomenutog istraživanja)

[MAGRIPA65]

Upravo sam video na jednom od kanala da se kao tretman za parkinsonovu bolest koristi i operacija mozga sa ugradjivanjem mini kompijutera.Bilo bi dobro da Vladan ili neko ko je strucan u ovoj oblasti da dodatno objasnjenje ili komentar u smislu da li je ovo standardna procedura ili samo eksperimentalan pokusaj.

[vladan]

Koliko mi je poznato, a kao neurohirurgu trebalo bi da mi je to dobro poznato, nikakva ugradnja mini kompjutera u mozak ne postoji.
Parkinsonova bolest jeste bolest mozga koja moze imati vise razlicitih uzroka, ali su najcesce u pitanju promene na malim krvnim sudovima mozga, kao deo klinicke slike arterioskleroze. Karakterise se hodom sitnim koracima, pri cemu je telo nagnuto napred, bezizrazajnim licem (amimija), i nehoticnim pokretima, i drhtanjem ruku. Ti pokreti saka i prstiju opisuju se kao "pokreti pravljenja pilula" ili "pokreti brojanja novca".
Lecenje moze biti medikamentozno, hirursko i kombinovano.
U medikamentoznom lecenju upotrebljavaju se razliciti lekovi.
Hirurski oblici lecenja podrazumevaju takozvanu duboku mozdanu stimulaciju (deep brain stimulation), pri cemu se neki duboki delovi mozga (bazalne ganglije) ili stimulisu, ili razaraju.
Postoji (teoretski) jos jedan oblik lecenja, a to je usadjivanje delova tkiva nadbubrezne zlezde i neke delove mozga. Ova operacija je proglasena neeticnom u SAD, Kanadi i zapadnoj Evropi, pa su eksperimentalni hirurski zahvati izvodjeni od strane americkih neurohirurga u Meksiku i nekim drugim zemljama Latinske Amerike.
Hirursko i medikamentozno lecenje po nekada se mogu kombinovati.
Nadam se da je objasnjenje dovoljno iscrpno, ali i dovoljno razumljivo neprofesionalcima.

[srdjann]

Nešto što se pretpostavljalo a sada je dobilo potvrdu:

Organic Food Is More Nutritious Say EU Researchers

Early results of a 12 million pound, 4-year EU study on the benefits of organic food suggest that some of them, such as fruit, vegetables and milk, are more nutritious than non-organically produced food and may contain higher concentrations of cancer fighting and heart beneficial antioxidants.

The results were released to the press but there is no mention of a of a journal publication as yet. The research team said its findings will be published in full within the next 12 months.

The findings were announced by Professor Carlo Leifert of the Tesco Centre for Organic Agriculture based at Newcastle University, UK, who with his team are working on the EU funded project called the Quality Low Input Food (QLIF) project, the biggest ever to research the pros and cons of organic farming and food.

Prof Leifert told the press that the research results suggested that eating organic food was equivalent to eating an extra portion of fruit and vegetables a day.

The early results of the study show that organic fruit and vegetables have up to 40 per cent more antioxidants than non-organically grown produce. Even greater contrasts were found for milk, with organic milk containing up to 60 per cent more antioxidants and healthy fatty acids, said Leifert.

The Newcastle University researchers raise cattle and grow fruit and vegetables on 725 acres of organic and non-organic farms situated next to each other at the university's agriculture centre in Stocksfield, Northumberland. Similar set ups exist at other research centres across Europe.

Leifert's findings contradict advice by the UK government's Food Standards Agency which states that organic produce is no healthier than non-organically produced food.

QualityLowInputFood (QLIF) is a European Union (EU) sponsored project that aims to "improve quality, ensure safety and reduce cost along the organic and 'low input' food supply chains through research, dissemination and training activities".

According to information on its website, QLIF focuses on "increasing value to both consumers and producers using a fork to farm approach".

The project was set up in March 2004 and has a grant of 18 million Euros (12.6 million pounds, or 25.8 million dollars) from the EU.

The QLIF research programme involves 31 research centres, companies and universities in Europe and beyond.

Leifert said he and his team now want to explore the underlying mechanisms by which organic as opposed to non-organic farming methods lead to such higher concentrations of healthy nutritients.

A spokeswoman for the Soil Association told the press that they were pleased with the results and this could be the start of a significant change in what consumers buy.

Rezime: Četvorogodišnje istraživanje pod okriljem EU je pokazalo da je organska hrana značajno (i do 60%) hranljivija i bogatija antioksidansima (koji su korisni u eliminaciji slobodnih radikala i prevenciji kancera) od neorganske. Istraživanje će u potpunosti biti objavljeno u sledećih 12 meseci.

Edited by srdjann, 29 October 2007 - 11:11.
bold, italic