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[/13/Ален Шмит/]

Providna T kamera koja pokazuje mehanizam "beskonačne folije" koja omogućava da snimak s nje uvek bude čist. Takođe se može videti i komandna ploča

 

[Rad-oh-yeah?]

Revealed: How wheelbase/rake of F1's top teams compare



This weekend's Singapore Grand Prix marks the return of the proper downforce battle in Formula 1 – after the low-drag challenges of Spa and Monza.

The formbook for the weekend remains unclear at the moment, with Ferrari, Mercedes and Red Bull all having a decent claim about coming out on top around the Marina Bay street circuit.

Red Bull will be buoyed by its dominant form around Monaco earlier this year, while Ferrari has shown itself to have a quick car at all types of circuit.

And while Mercedes may not he heading there feeling it is favourite, its brilliant execution of races this year has been key to its world title ambitions.

What has been particularly interesting this year, however, is that despite the closeness of the fight at the front, the top three teams have approached the season with different concepts – which is highlighted in their varied rake and wheelbases.

In this exclusive video, Giorgio Piola looks at how the three teams compare – with some interesting differences between them.

It is no secret that Mercedes has the longest wheelbase car, but Ferrari and Red Bull made changes to their approach in 2018 in a bid to go more in the direction of their German rival.
Both teams lengthened their cars for this season, with Ferrari also adopting a more aggressive rake – although not quite going to the extreme of its Red Bull rival.

How the cars compare
 

		Wheelbase	Rake
Ferrari 2018	3621mm		1.53 degrees
Ferrari 2017	3551mm		1.28 degrees
Mercedes 2018	3726mm 		1.25 degrees
Mercedes 2017	3726mm		1.2 degrees
Red Bull 2018	3550mm		1.9 degrees
Red Bull 2017	3407mm		1.9º degrees

[/13/Ален Шмит/]

[alberto.ascari]

Nešto mi palo na pamet, koliko danas ima čelika u bolidu? Zupčanici, diskovi, poloosovine, radilica i bregasta u SUS motoru, ima li toga više od 150kg?

[Rad-oh-yeah?]

Ne verujem da ima puno celika, diskovi su od ugljenicnih vlakana, komponente u menjacu od titanijuma, motor od bogznakakvih djavoljih legura...

[DezurniKrivac]

...motor od bogznakakvih djavoljih legura...

 

Dosta delova motora je od nekih legura aluminijuma. 

[Rad-oh-yeah?]

...nekih... 

 

E bas u tom grmu lezi zec!

[Downforce]

 

5.15 Materials and Construction – Definitions :
5.15.1 X Based Alloy (e.g. Ni based alloy) – X must be the most abundant element in the alloy on a
%w/w basis. The minimum possible weight percent of the element X must always be greater
than the maximum possible of each of the other individual elements present in the alloy.
5.15.2 X-Y Based Alloy (e.g. Al-Cu based alloy) – X must be the most abundant element as in Article
5.15.1 above. In addition element Y must be the second highest constituent (%w/w), after X in
the alloy. The mean content of Y and all other alloying elements must be used to determine
the second highest alloying element (Y).
5.15.3 Intermetallic Materials (e.g. TiAl, NiAl, FeAl, Cu3Au, NiCo) – These are materials where the
material is based upon intermetallic phases, i.e. the matrix of the material consists of greater
than 50%v/v intermetallic phase(s). An intermetallic phase is a solid solution between two or
more metals exhibiting either partly ionic or covalent, or metallic bonding with a long range
order, in a narrow range of composition around the stoichiometric proportion.
5.15.4 Composite Materials – These are materials where a matrix material is reinforced by either a
continuous or discontinuous phase. The matrix can be metallic, ceramic, polymeric or glass
based. The reinforcement can be present as long fibres (fibre length greater than 13mm) or
short fibres, whiskers and particles (discontinuous reinforcement). Nanoscale reinforced
materials are to be considered as composites. (a reinforcement is considered to be
nanoscale if any dimension of the reinforcement is less than 100nm.)
5.15.5 Metal Matrix Composites (MMC’s) – These are composite materials with a metallic matrix
containing a phase of greater than 2%v/v which is not soluble in the liquid phase of the
metallic matrix.
5.15.6 Ceramic Materials (e.g. Al2O3, SiC, B4C, Ti5Si3, SiO2, Si3N4) – These are inorganic, non-metallic
solids.

 

5.16.1 Unless explicitly permitted for a specific application, the following materials may not be used
anywhere on the power unit :
a) Magnesium based alloys.
b) Metal Matrix Composites (MMC’s).
c) Intermetallic materials.
d) Alloys containing more than 5% by weight of Platinum, Ruthenium, Iridium or Rhenium.
e) Copper based alloys containing more than 2.75% Beryllium.
f) Any other alloy class containing more than 0.25% Beryllium.
g) Tungsten base alloys.
h) Ceramics and ceramic matrix composites.
5.16.2 The restrictions in Article 5.16.1 do not apply to coatings provided the total coating thickness
does not exceed 25% of the section thickness of the underlying base material in all axes. In all
cases, other than under Article 5.16.3(b), the relevant coating must not exceed 0.8mm.
Where the coating is based on Gold, Platinum, Ruthenium, Iridium or Rhenium, the coating
thickness must not exceed 0.035mm.
5.16.3 The restrictions in Article 5.16.1(h) do not apply to the following applications :
a) Any component whose primary purpose is for electrical or thermal insulation.
b) Any coating whose primary purpose is for thermal insulation of the outside of the
exhaust system.
5.16.4 Magnesium based alloys, where permitted, must be available on a non-exclusive basis and
under normal commercial terms to all competitors. Only those alloys covered by ISO16220 or
ISO3116 and approved by the FIA may be used.

 

5.17 Materials and construction – Components :
5.17.1 Pistons must respect Article 5.16. Titanium alloys are not permitted.
5.17.2 Piston pins must be manufactured from an iron based alloy and must be machined from a
single piece of material.
5.17.3 Connecting rods must be manufactured from iron or titanium based alloys and must be
machined from a single piece of material with no welded or joined assemblies (other than a
bolted big end cap or an interfered small end bush).
5.17.4 Crankshafts must be manufactured from an iron based alloy.
No welding is permitted between the front and rear main bearing journals.
No material with a density exceeding 18,400 kg/m3 may be assembled to the crankshaft.
These parts assembled to the crankshaft may be manufactured in a Tungsten based material.
5.17.5 Camshafts must be manufactured from an iron based alloy.
Each camshaft and lobes must be machined from a single piece of material.
No welding is allowed between the front and rear bearing journals.
5.17.6 Valves must be manufactured from intermetallic materials or from alloys based on Iron, Nickel,
Cobalt or Titanium. Hollow stems (e.g. sodium, or similar, filled for cooling) are permitted.
In addition, the restrictions detailed in Articles 5.16.2 and 15.1.2 do not apply to valves.

 

5.17.7 Reciprocating and rotating components :
a) Reciprocating and rotating components must not be manufactured from graphitic
matrix, metal matrix composites or ceramic materials, this restriction does not apply to
the clutch and any seals.
b) Rolling elements of rolling element bearings must be manufactured from an iron based
alloy or from a ceramic material.
c) All timing gears between the crankshaft and camshafts (including hubs) must be
manufactured from an iron based alloy.
d) High pressure fuel pumps elements may be manufactured from a ceramic material.
e) Torsional damper elements may be manufactured in a Tungsten based material.
5.17.8 Static components :
a) Other than inserts within them, engine crankcases including sump, cylinder heads and
cylinder head cam covers must be manufactured from cast or wrought aluminium or
iron alloys.
No composite materials or metal matrix composites are permitted either for the whole
component or locally.
b) Other than parts listed in a) above, magnesium based alloys are permitted for static
parts which may not be changed without incurring a penalty under Article 5.22.
c) Any metallic structure whose primary or secondary function is to retain lubricant or
coolant within the engine must be manufactured from an iron based alloy, an aluminium
alloy or a magnesium based alloy if permitted by Article 5.17.8(b).
d) All threaded fasteners, other than the two exceptions below, must be manufactured
from an alloy based on Cobalt, Iron or Nickel. The exceptions are :
i) Fasteners whose primary function requires them to be an electrical insulator may
be manufactured from ceramic or polymeric materials.
ii) Fasteners that are used in electronic control units may be manufactured from
aluminium or copper based alloys or polymeric (plastic) materials.
Composite materials are not permitted.
e) Valve seat inserts, valve guides and any other bearing component may be manufactured
from metallic infiltrated pre-forms with other phases which are not used for
reinforcement.
f) Ballast may be manufactured in a Tungsten based material.
5.18 Materials and construction – Pressure charging and exhaust systems :
5.18.1 All components of the power unit exhaust system, (from the engine exhaust flange up to and
including turbine housing or waste-gate exit housing) that are in contact with the main exhaust
gas flow must be manufactured from a Cobalt, Iron or Nickel based alloy. Any gaskets or seals
are excluded from this restriction.
5.18.2 Any rotating and reciprocating component in the compressor (from compressor inlet to
compressor outlet) must be manufactured from an aluminium, titanium or iron based alloy.
5.18.3 Static components that are neither in the exhaust system nor in the compressor line must be
manufactured from iron based alloys, aluminium alloys or titanium alloys.
5.18.4 The compressor housing (from compressor inlet to compressor outlet) must be manufactured
from aluminium or magnesium based alloys.
5.18.5 Measures must be taken to ensure that in the event of failure of the turbine wheel any
resulting significant debris is contained within the car.

 

5.19 Materials and construction – Energy recovery, storage systems and electronic systems :
5.19.1 All metallic casings for the energy recovery and storage systems must be manufactured in iron,
aluminium or titanium based alloys and must comply with all aspects of Article 5.16 except for
power electronic cooling base plate where metal matrix composite may be used.
5.19.2 All metallic casings for electronic systems, with the exception of metallic casings for the energy
recovery and storage systems, must be manufactured in iron, aluminium, titanium or
magnesium based alloys.
5.19.3 Energy storage devices are not subject to Articles 5.16.1a), b), c) and h) nor to 5.16.2.
5.19.4 Permanent magnets in electrical machines are not subject to Articles 5.16.1 a), b), c) or h) nor
to Article 5.16.2.
5.19.5 Electronic components contained inside electronic units are not subject to any material
restriction.

 

9.6.4 Gear ratios must be made from steel.

Ne verujem da sve zajedno ima vise od 150kg, skoro svuda postoji i opcija - moze i od neke druge legure drugog elementa. Pri tom, na motoru imas opciju da klipove odradis od celika tako da budu konkurentni onima od Al legura. Svi pokretni delovi motora su ograniceni tako da se od njih zahteva da ne smeju imati masu koja je manja od pravilima definisane. To otvara opcije da se igras sa novim metodama izrade delova od celika, kako bi smanjio habanje i povecao pouzdanost. Za one koji imaju love (khm, khm) 3D stampa tu pravi cuda.

 

https://www.wardsaut...printed-pistons

 

Mahle se sa ovime igra vec poodavno.

Edited by Downforce, 24 February 2019 - 11:04.

[alpiner]

How Mercedes' F1 steering wheel works

https://www.motorspo...-works/4351666/

[KRAJ RADA FORUMA B92!]

Za sve one koji ne znaju, forum b92 prestaje sa radom.

 

https://forum.b92.ne...ada-foruma-b92/

 

To ne znaci i kraj naseg druzenja, posto se samo selimo na novu adresu.

 

https://forum.b92.ne...-za-novi-forum/

 

Forum smo mi i forum ostajemo mi. Za slucaj da nas ugase pre recenog roka, ostavite svoj kontakt (mejl, FB ili telefon) na PM

 

Zoe

Barakudi

Metalhedu

Zoltanu

i meni

 

da vam javimo novo mesto okupljanja, bez obzira na to da li ste u mogucnosti da pomognete novcano kreiranje novog foruma ili ne. Forum ostaje besplatan i ostaje nas.

Javite se svi.

 

Nadam se da ce svako bar jednom videti ovu poruku, a cilj je postignut ako se ona smuci svima posle 3 dana.